Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Men: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly associated with women, but men can develop them too. While less frequent, UTIs in men tend to occur more often with age or in the presence of conditions that affect the urinary tract, such as prostate enlargement or diabetes. Recognising the early signs and understanding the causes of UTIs can help men seek prompt treatment and prevent complications. Maintaining good urinary health begins with awareness and timely medical care.

What Is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

A urinary tract infection (UTI) happens when bacteria enter the urinary tract and begin to multiply, causing inflammation and infection. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra, and an infection can affect any of these areas.

When the bladder becomes infected, the condition is called cystitis, while an infection of the urethra is known as urethritis. If the infection spreads to the kidneys, it is referred to as pyelonephritis, a more serious form of urinary tract infection that can cause fever, back pain and other complications if untreated.

Why Do Men Get UTIs?

In most cases, men develop UTIs due to underlying health or structural problems that disrupt normal urine flow. These conditions make it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract and cause infection.

• Prostate Issues

  An enlarged prostate, known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can block or slow urine flow. When urine remains in the bladder for an extended period, bacteria have more time to multiply, thereby increasing the risk of infection.

• Urinary Catheters

  Men who require urinary catheters for medical reasons face a higher chance of developing UTIs. The catheter can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract or provide a surface for bacterial growth if not managed properly.

• Kidney Stones

  The presence of kidney stones can obstruct urine flow and create areas where bacteria can accumulate. This environment allows infections to develop more easily and may lead to recurrent or severe UTIs if not addressed.

• Weakened Immune System

  A weakened immune system, often caused by chronic illnesses such as diabetes or long-term use of certain medications, reduces the body’s natural ability to fight infections. As a result, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are more likely to cause an infection.

Common Symptoms of UTI in Men

Recognising the early signs of a urinary tract infection helps prevent complications such as kidney involvement or recurrent infections. Men may experience one or more of the following symptoms:

• Frequent or Urgent Urination:

  A persistent need to urinate, often producing only small amounts each time

• Pain or Burning During Urination:

  Discomfort or stinging sensations when passing urine are common indicators of infection

• Cloudy, Dark, or Strong-smelling Urine:

  Changes in urine appearance or odour may suggest the presence of bacteria

• Blood in the Urine (Haematuria):

  Pink or reddish urine can occur when the urinary tract becomes inflamed

• Pain in the Lower Abdomen, Pelvis or Back:

  Discomfort may signal that the infection has spread beyond the bladder

• Fever, Chills or Fatigue:

  These symptoms may indicate a more serious infection that could be affecting the kidneys

If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent complications and support faster recovery.

How Is UTI Diagnosed in Men?

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and to rule out underlying conditions that may contribute to urinary tract infections. Your doctor may recommend one or more of the following tests:

• Urine Test (Urinalysis):

  A sample of urine is examined to check for bacteria, white blood cells or traces of blood, all of which can indicate infection or inflammation in the urinary tract.

• Urine Culture:

  This test helps identify the exact bacteria responsible for the infection and determines which antibiotics are most effective for treatment.

• Imaging Tests:

  Ultrasound or CT scans may be used to look for structural abnormalities, kidney stones or blockages that could be causing or worsening the infection.

• Cystoscopy:

  For recurrent or persistent UTIs, a cystoscopy may be performed. This procedure uses a thin, flexible scope to examine the bladder and urethra for inflammation, narrowing or other abnormalities that could cause infection.

Treatment Options for UTI in Men

Treatment for urinary tract infections in men focuses on clearing the infection, relieving discomfort and addressing any underlying causes.

• Antibiotics

  Antibiotics are the main form of treatment and are prescribed based on the type of bacteria identified through urine culture. Completing the full course of medication is important to prevent recurrence or antibiotic resistance.

• Pain Management

  Over-the-counter pain relievers can help ease symptoms such as burning during urination, lower abdominal discomfort or back pain while the infection is being treated.

• Hydration

  Drinking plenty of water helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract and supports recovery. Staying well-hydrated also reduces the likelihood of future infections.

In some cases, UTIs may be related to prostate enlargement, kidney stones or other underlying conditions that obstruct urine flow. Treating these issues is essential to prevent repeated infections and promote long-term urinary health.

Prevention Tips for Urinary Tract Infections

While urinary tract infections are less common in men, certain habits can help reduce the risk and support long-term urinary health. Simple preventive measures include:

• Maintain Good Personal Hygiene:

  Keeping the genital area clean helps prevent bacteria from entering the urethra.

• Stay Well-hydrated:

  Drinking plenty of water throughout the day helps dilute urine and flush bacteria from the urinary tract.

• Urinate Regularly:

  Avoid holding urine for long periods, as this allows bacteria to multiply in the bladder.

• Avoid Irritants:

  Refrain from using harsh soaps, sprays or powders around the genital area, as they can cause irritation and increase susceptibility to infection.

• Manage Underlying Health Conditions:

  Proper control of medical issues such as diabetes or prostate enlargement can lower the risk of developing recurrent infections.

Although UTIs in men are less frequent, recognising symptoms early and addressing the causes promptly can prevent complications. Regular health check-ups and good lifestyle habits play an important role in maintaining urinary health.

Men who experience UTI symptoms or other urinary problems are encouraged to consult Dr Tan Kok Kuan, a men’s health doctor at Dr Tan Medical Center in Novena. Dr Tan provides confidential, evidence-based care for a wide range of men’s health conditions, including the diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections.